Szumała P., Pyrz E. Emulsifying blends based on natural fats for eco-design of O/W emulsions.
Journal of Cleaner Production 45 (2024) 141238.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141238
Impact Factor 2022 = 11.1
Emulsifier blends are most often used to stabilize and modulate the properties of cosmetic and pharmaceutical emulsions, such as skin care or application-related consistency. However, the rational design of such emulsifier blends is often not well understood, especially when their ingredients are natural raw materials. This study aimed to analyze the influence of natural fatty ingredients selected as emulsifiers on the emulsion properties. For this purpose, the stability, microstructure and rheological properties of the produced emulsions were monitored during their storage. The effect of five blends containing fatty alcohols, cetyl palmitate, beeswax, avocado butter and one typical emulsifier, i.e. sorbitan oleate, in various weight proportions, was analyzed. Even though the blends contained only hydrophobic ingredients, O/W type emulsions were obtained. The results indicate that all blends can stabilize O/W emulsions, but with a specific qualitative and quantitative composition. The crystal structures created by the blend components were responsible for the stabilization of all emulsions, but the most beneficial properties were provided by the blend with the addition of beeswax and sorbitan oleate. These findings provide new insights into the design of safe and ecological emulsions.
Menard O., Lesmes U., Shani-Levi C.S., Araiza Calahorra A., Lavoisier A., Morzel M., (...) Macierzanka A. Static in vitro digestion model adapted to the general older adult population: an INFOGEST international consensus.
Food & Function 14 (2023) 4569-4582.
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO00535F
Impact Factor 2022 = 6.1
Understanding the mechanisms of food digestion is of paramount importance to determine the effect foods have on human health. Significant knowledge on the fate of food during digestion has been generated in healthy adults due to the development of physiologically-relevant in vitro digestion models. However, it appears that the performance of the oro-gastrointestinal tract is affected by ageing and that a model simulating the digestive conditions found in a younger adult (<65 years) is not relevant for an older adult (>65 years). The objectives of the present paper were: (1) to conduct an exhaustive literature search to find data on the physiological parameters of the older adult oro-gastrointestinal tract, (2) to define the parameters of an in vitro digestion model adapted to the older adult. International experts have discussed all the parameters during a dedicated workshop organized within the INFOGEST network. Data on food bolus properties collected in the older adult were gathered, including food particle size found in older adult boluses. In the stomach and small intestine, data suggest that significant physiological changes are observed between younger and older adults. In the latter, the rate of gastric emptying is slowed down, the pH of the stomach content is higher, the amount of secretions and thus the hydrolytic activities of gastric and intestinal digestive enzymes are reduced and the concentration of bile salts lower. The consensus in vitro digestion model of the older adult proposed here will allow significant progress to be made in understanding the fate of food in this specific population, facilitating the development of foods adapted to their nutritional needs. Nevertheless, better foundational data when available and further refinement of the parameters will be needed to implement the proposed model in the future.
Parchem K., Baranowska M., Kościelak A., Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I., Domingues M.R., Macierzanka A., Bartoszek A. Effect of oxidation and in vitro intestinal hydrolysis on phospholipid toxicity towards HT29 cell line serving as a model of human intestinal epithelium.
Food Research International 163 (2023) 112227.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112227
Impact Factor 2021 = 7.425
Oxidation of food-derived phospholipids (PLs) can influence nutrient digestion and induce oxidative stress in gastrointestinal epithelium. In this study, hen egg yolk PL fraction was used to evaluate the effect of lipoxygenase (LOX)-induced PL oxidation on the rate of PL hydrolysis catalyzed by pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the presence of bile salts (BSs). Then, PL/BS solutions containing native or oxidized PLs were used in in vitro intestinal digestion to assess the effect of PL oxidation and hydrolysis on the toxicity towards HT29 cell line. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that hexanal and (E)-2-nonenal, formed by the decomposition of PL hydroperoxides, inhibited PLA2 activity. The cell exposure to simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing BSs decreased HT29 cell viability and significantly damaged cellular DNA. However, the genotoxic effect was reversed in the presence of all tested PL samples, while the protective effect against the BS-induced cytotoxicity was observed for native non-hydrolyzed PLs, but was not clearly visible for other samples. This can result from an overlap of other toxic effects such as lipotoxicity or disturbance of cellular redox homeostasis. Taking into account the data obtained, it was proposed that the PLA2 activity decline in the presence of PL oxidation products may be a kind of protective mechanism against rapid release of oxidized FAs characterized by high cytotoxic effect towards intestinal epithelium cells.
Szumała P., Kaplińska J., Makurat-Kasprolewicz B., Mania S., Microemulsion Delivery Systems with Low Surfactant Concentrations: Optimization of Structure and Properties by Glycol Cosurfactants.
Molecular Pharmaceutics 20 (2022) 232–240.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00599
Impact Factor 2020 = 5.364
Extensive use of microemulsions as delivery systems raises interest in the safe ingredients that can form such systems. Here, we assessed the use of two glycols, i.e., propylene glycol and pentylene glycol, and their mixtures to manipulate the properties and structure of microemulsions. Obtained systems with glycols were extensively characterized in terms of capacity to incorporate water phase, droplet size, polydispersity, structure type, and rheological and thermal properties. The results of these studies indicate that the composition, structure, and viscosity of the microemulsions can be changed by appropriate quantification of glycols. It has been shown that the type of glycol used and its amount may favor or worsen the formation of microemulsions with the selected oils. In addition, a properly selected composition of oils and glycols resulted in the formation of microemulsions with a reduced content of surfactants and consequently improved the safety of using microemulsions as delivery systems.
Wysocka K., Jungnickel C., Szelągowska-Rudzka K., Internationalization and Quality Assurance in Higher Education.
Management 26 (2022) 204-230.
https://doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0091
Internationalization is an inevitable phenomenon among all contemporary higher education institutions (HEIs) in a globalizing world. It is the driving force for development and progress. In course of the last 30 years, it became an inevitable element of HE management. However, it carries along a number of risks, pitfalls, and organizational challenges. To hedge those, quality assurance (QA) is called to the stage. HEIs therefore need not only to search for chances but also to increase the advancement of methods to safeguard the quality of education and research. It is for this reason that a discussion on the mutual evolution and impact of internationalization and QA is required, and this is the aim of this article to combine the issues dialectically. There are tools and institutions within the internationally and nationally developed QA concepts that have the potential and aim to secure the benefits of internationalization.
Pacyna-Kuchta A.D., What should we know when choosing feather, blood, egg or preen oil as biological samples for contaminants detection? A non-lethal approach to bird sampling for PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs and PFASs.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (2022) 1-25.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2022.2077077
Impact Factor 2020 = 12.5
Birds are considered as good bio-monitors and they can provide highly valuable data about the level of contamination in their habitat. During the design of biomonitoring studies one of the first issues after choosing species is the choice of biological material. Non-lethally collected samples have recently been gaining greater attention as they offer several ethical and practical advantages. However, not all sample matrices are suitable for biomonitoring of certain compounds. The main aim of this review is to bring to closer attention the utility of non-lethally collected samples from avian species, based on recent literature. The selected samples are feathers, blood, preen oil and eggs, as these are the types of biological materials most often chosen and may reveal birds’ exposure from their diet. It is not my intention to single out one of them as the ultimate tool for organic compound analysis, but rather to present their utility in order to support or advise on future choices, as a single matrix might not be sufficient to fully evaluate birds’ exposure. Therefore, this paper presents the current status of the non-lethal approach in avian species for determination of PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs and PFASs.
Nalazek-Rudnicka K., Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I., Brockmeyer J., Wasik A., Macierzanka A. Relative quantification of pork and beef in meat products using global and species-specific peptide markers for the authentication of meat composition.
Food Chemistry 389 (2022) 133066.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133066
Impact Factor 2020 = 7.514
We used global and species-specific peptide markers for a relative quantitative determination of pork and beef in raw and processed meat products made of the two meat species. Four groups of products were prepared (i.e., minced raw meats, sausages, raw and fried burgers) in order to represent products with different extents of food processing. In each group, the products varied in the pork/beef proportions. All products were analysed by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM–MS) for the presence/concentration of pork- and beef-specific peptide markers, as well as global markers – peptides widely distributed in muscle tissue. The combined MRM-MS analysis of pork-specific peptide HPGDFGADAQGAMSK, beef-specific peptide VLGFHG and global marker LFDLR offered the most reliable validation of declared pork/beef compositions across the whole range of meat products. Our work suggests that a simultaneous analysis of global and species-specific peptide markers can be used for composition authentication in commercial pork/beef products.
Maeda N., Dulko D., Macierzanka A., Jungnickel C. Analysis of the Factors Affecting Static In Vitro Pepsinolysis of Food Proteins.
Molecules 27 (2022) 1260.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041260
Impact Factor 2020 = 4.412
In this meta-analysis, we collected 58 publications spanning the last seven decades that reported static in vitro protein gastric digestion results. A number of descriptors of the pepsinolysis process were extracted, including protein type; pepsin activity and concentration; protein concentration; pH; additives; protein form (e.g., ‘native’, ‘emulsion’, ‘gel’, etc.); molecular weight of the protein; treatment; temperature; and half-times (HT) of protein digestion. After careful analysis and the application of statistical techniques and regression models, several general conclusions could be extracted from the data. The protein form to digest the fastest was ‘emulsion’. The rate of pepsinolysis in the emulsion was largely independent of the protein type, whereas the gastric digestion of the native protein in the solution was strongly dependent on the protein type. The pepsinolysis was shown to be strongly dependent on the structural components of the proteins digested—specifically, -sheet-inhibited and amino acid, leucine, methionine, and proline-promoted digestion. Interestingly, we found that additives included in the digestion mix to alter protein hydrolysis had, in general, a negligible effect in comparison to the clear importance of the protein form or additional treatment. Overall, the findings allowed for the targeted creation of foods for fast or slow protein digestion, depending on the nutritional needs.
Szumała P., Macierzanka A. Topical delivery of pharmaceutical and cosmetic macromolecules using microemulsion systems.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics 615 (2022) 121488.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121488
Impact Factor 2020 = 5.875
Microemulsions are transparent, thermodynamically stable colloidal systems. Over the recent years, they have been increasingly investigated due to their potential as skin delivery vehicles for a wide range of drug molecules. The nanoscale particle size and the specificity of microemulsion components are the main features determining the skin permeation process. However, in order to effectively cross the skin barrier, the active substance itself should also meet a number of requirements, such as relatively small molecular weight, high lipophilicity with certain polarity as well as a specific partition coefficient. This review focuses on recent advancements in topical microemulsion systems related to the transport of active ingredients into the skin, including those with high molecular weight and high polarity. Selected studies have shown that permeation of therapeutic macromolecules can be increased by the correct (i.e. tailored to a specific drug) design of the microemulsion. The degree of skin penetration as well as the kinetics and the site of drug release can be controlled by appropriate qualitative and quantitative selections of penetration promoters (microemulsion components), the structure of microemulsion and its viscosity. The drug-carrier interactions can also affect the effectiveness of microemulsion formulation. These relations have been described and evaluated in this review article.
Krupa Ł., Staroń R., Dulko D., Łozińska N., Mackie A., Rigby N., Macierzanka A., Markiewicz A., Jungnickiel C. Importance of Bile Composition for Diagnosis of Biliary Obstructions.
Molecules 26 (2021) 7279.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237279
Impact Factor 2020 = 4.412
Determination of the cause of a biliary obstruction is often inconclusive from serum analysis alone without further clinical tests. To this end, serum markers as well as the composition of bile of 74 patients with biliary obstructions were determined to improve the diagnoses. The samples were collected from the patients during an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The concentration of eight bile salts, specifically sodium cholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycodeoxycholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, sodium glycochenodeoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate as well as bile cholesterol were determined by HPLC-MS. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and bilirubin were measured before the ERCP. The aim was to determine a diagnostic factor and gain insights into the influence of serum bilirubin as well as bile salts on diseases. Ratios of conjugated/unconjugated, primary/secondary, and taurine/glycine conjugated bile salts were determined to facilitate the comparison to literature data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined, and the cut-off values were calculated by determining the point closest to (0,1). It was found that serum bilirubin was a good indicator of the type of biliary obstruction; it was able to differentiate between benign obstructions such as choledocholithiasis (at the concentration of >11 µmol/L) and malignant changes such as pancreatic neoplasms or cholangiocarcinoma (at the concentration of >59 µmol/L). In addition, it was shown that conjugated/unconjugated bile salts confirm the presence of an obstruction. With lower levels of conjugated/unconjugated bile salts the possibility for inflammation and, thus, neoplasms increase.
Łozińska N., Jungnickel C. Importance of conjugation of the Bile salt on the mechanism of lipolysis.
Molecules 26(19) (2021) 5794.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195764
Impact Factor 2020 = 4.411
We aim to advance the discussion on the significance of the conjugation of bile salts (BS) in our organism. We hypothesize that conjugation influences the rate of lipolysis. Since the rate of lipolysis is a compound parameter, we compare the effect of conjugation on four surface parameters, which contribute to the rate. Since deconjugation is due to gut microbiota, we hypothesize that microbiota may affect the rate of lipolysis. A meta-analysis of literature data of critical micelle concentration, β, aggregation number, and molar solubilization ratio has been performed for the first time. In addition, critical micelle concentration (CMC), interfacial tension, and lipolysis rate measurements were performed. It was found that the unconjugated BS in mixed micelles increases the antagonism between the BS, therefore, increasing the CMC. This correlated with the effect of unconjugated BS on the solubilization capacity of mixed micelles. The collected literature information indicates that the role of the BS and its conjugation in our organism is a key factor influencing the functioning of our organism, where too high levels of unconjugated BS may lead to malabsorption of fat-soluble nutrients. The experimental lipolysis results irrevocably showed that conjugation is a significant factor influencing the rate.
Dulko D., Staroń R., Krupa Ł., Rigby N.M, Mackie A.R., Gutkowski K., Wasik A., Macierzanka A. The bile salt content of human bile impacts on simulated intestinal proteolysis of β-lactoglobulin.
Food Research International 145 (2021) 110413.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110413
Impact Factor 2020 = 6.475
The gastrointestinal hydrolysis of food proteins has been portrayed in scientific literature to predominantly depend on the activity and specificity of proteolytic enzymes. Human bile has not been considered to facilitate proteolysis in the small intestine, but rather to assist in intestinal lipolysis. However, human bile can potentially influence proteins that are largely resistant to gastric digestion, and which are mainly hydrolysed after they have been transferred to the small intestine. We used purified and food-grade bovine milk β-lactoglobulin (βLg) to assess the impact of bile salts (BS) on the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of this protein. Quantitative analysis showed that the proteolysis rate increased significantly with increasing BS concentration. The effect was consistent regardless of whether individual BS or real human bile samples, varying in BS concentrations, were used. The total BS content of bile was more important than its BS composition in facilitating the proteolysis of βlg. We also show that the impact of human bile observed during the digestion of purified βLg and βLg-rich whey protein isolate can be closely replicated by the use of individual BS mixed with phosphatidylcholine. This could validate simple BS/phosphatidylcholine mixtures as human-relevant substitutes of difficult-to-obtain human bile for in vitro proteolysis studies.
Grundy M.M.L., Abrahamse E., Almgren A., Alminger M., Andres A., Ariëns R.M.C, Bastiaan-Net S., Bourlieu-Lacanal C., Brodkorb A., Bronze M.R., Comi L., Couëdelo L., Dupont D., Durand A., Sedef N.E., Grauwet T., Heerup C., Heredia A., Infantes Garcia M.R, Jungnickel C., Kłosowska Chomiczewska I.E., Macierzanka A., ... Carrière F. INFOGEST inter-laboratory recommendations for assaying gastric and pancreatic lipases activities prior to in vitro digestion studies.
Journal of Functional Foods 82 (2021) 104497.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104497
Impact Factor 2020 = 4.451
In vitro digestion studies often use animal digestive enzyme extracts as substitutes of human gastric and pancreatic secretions. Pancreatin from porcine origin is thus commonly used to provide relevant pancreatic enzymes such as proteases, amylase and lipase. Rabbit gastric extracts (RGE) have been recently introduced to provide gastric lipase in addition to pepsin. Before preparing simulated gastric and pancreatic extracts with targeted enzyme activities as described in in vitro digestion protocols, it is important to determine the activities of enzyme preparations using validated methods. The purpose of this inter-laboratory study within the INFOGEST network was to test the repeatability and reproducibility of lipase assays using the pH-stat technique for measuring the activities of gastric and pancreatic lipases from various sources. Twenty-one laboratories having different pH-stat devices received the same protocol with identical batches of RGE and two pancreatin sources. Lipase assays were performed using tributyrin as a substrate and three different amounts (50, 100 and 200 µg) of each enzyme preparation. The repeatability results within individual laboratories were satisfactory with coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 4 to 8% regardless of the enzyme amount tested. However, the inter-laboratory variability was high (CV > 15%) compared to existing standards for bioanalytical assays. We identified and weighted the contributions to inter-laboratory variability of several parameters associated with the various pH-stat equipment used in this study (e.g. reaction vessel volume and shape, stirring mode and rate, burette volume for the automated delivery of sodium hydroxide). Based on this, we established recommendations for improving the reproducibility of lipase assays using the pH-stat technique. Defining accurate and complete recommendations on how to correctly quantify activity levels of enzyme preparations is a gateway to promising comparison of in vitro data obtained from different laboratories following the same in vitro digestion protocol.
Szumała P., Pacyna-Kuchta A., Wasik A. Proteolysis of whey protein isolates in nanoemulsion systems: impact of nanoemulsification and additional synthetic emulsifiers.
Food Chemistry (2021) 129356.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129356
Impact Factor 2020 = 7.514
Nanoemulsions are currently of interest in the functional food sector because their small droplet size (100-500 nm) provides a number of potential advantages over conventional emulsions. This study concerned the behavior of nanoemulsions stabilized with whey proteins and two synthetic emulsifiers (Tween 80 and Croduret), and exposed to conditions simulating the human upper gastrointestinal tract. In particular, the effect of synthetic emulsifiers (food additives) on the interfacial composition and digestion rate of milk proteins at the interface of nanoemulsions was determined. The results indicate that the protein was partially co-absorbed with only one synthetic emulsifier (Croduret) at the interface, which made protein more resistant to digestion in the nanoemulsion system. This suggests that the degree of protein digestion can be controlled by appropriate selection of synthetic emulsifiers and presenting the protein in nanoemulsion system.
Staroń R., Rzucidło M., Macierzanka A., Krawczyk M., Gutkowski K., Krupa Ł. Unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice: a 2-year experience of EUS-guided biliary drainage.
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care (2021) 002335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002335
Impact Factor 2020 = 3.568
Objectives Endoscopic biliary drainage is a first-line treatment in patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction. In most cases the drainage is conducted using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage or endosonography-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) represents therapeutic options after unsuccessful ERCP. Here we report on 2 years experience in the management of patients diagnosed with malignant biliary obstruction using EUS-BD.
Methods Retrospective data were collected on patients who underwent EUS-BD due to malignant biliary obstruction at our centre between April 2016 and April 2018. Only patients who had two unsuccessful attempts of ERCP prior to EUS-BD were included. We analysed the technical success (ie, creation of anastomosis and successful placement of a stent) and complication rate of EUS-BD, and monitored changes in serum bilirubin and liver function tests after 2 days, and at least 2 weeks, following the procedure.
Results Screening of 1781 ERCP procedures performed in our department during the inclusion period led to the identification of 31 patients (18 women, age range 51–92 years, 58% with pancreatic cancer) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Hepaticogastrostomy and choledochoduodenostomy were performed in 12 and 19 patients, respectively. The technical success rate was 97% and the complication rate was 12.9%. EUS-BD resulted in a significant decrease in serum bilirubin (p<0.01).
Conclusions EUS-BD represents a reasonable therapeutic option after unsuccessful ERCP in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Possible complications have to be kept in mind and this procedure should be performed at centres experienced in ERCP and EUS.
Souza J. S., Pacyna-Kuchta A. D., Schmauder Teixeira da Cunha L., Schneider Costa E., Niedzielski P., Machado Torres J. P. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls using non-destructive samples from Pygoscelis penguins.
Environmental Pollution (2021) 116590.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116590
Impact Factor 2020 = 8.071
As humans are present in Antarctica only for scientific and tourism-related purposes, it is often described as a pristine region. However, studies have identified measurable levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the Antarctic region. These are highly toxic anthropogenic compounds with tendency to travel long distances and reach remote environments, where they can bioaccumulate in the biota. Penguins are exposed to POPs mainly through their diet, which they partially eliminate via feathers. Species of the genus Pygoscelis occur around Antarctic continent and its surrounding regions, and can act as indicators of contaminants that reach the continent. Here, we report OCP and PCB levels in feathers of male and female penguins of P. adeliae, P. antarcticus and P. papua from King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Interspecific, sex- and body-size-related differences were investigated in the contamination profiles of PCBs and OCPs. Feather samples were collected from adult penguins (n = 41). Quantification of compounds was performed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The three Pygocelis species presented similar contamination profiles, with higher concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (∑DDT; 1.56-3.82 ng g−1 dw), lighter PCB congeners (∑PCB: 11.81-18.65 ng g−1 dw) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene: 1.65-4.06 ng g−1 dw). Amongst the three penguin species, P. antarcticus had lower and P. papua higher concentrations of most of the compounds identified. We found interspecific differences in POP accumulation as well as sex differences in POP concentrations. Our data indicate a small but significant positive correlation between body size and the concentrations of some compounds. Despite the overall low concentrations found, this study increases knowledge of the occurrence of POPs in Antarctic penguins, thereby reinforcing concerns that Antarctica, although remote and perceived to be protected, is not free from the impact of anthropogenic pollutants.
Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I., Kotewicz-Siudowska A., Artichowicz W., Macierzanka A., Głowacz-Różyńska A., Szumała P., Mędrzycka K., Hallmann E., Karpenko E., Jungnickel C. Towards Rational Biosurfactant Design-Predicting Solubilization in Rhamnolipid Solutions.
Molecules, 26 (2021) 10.3390.
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/3/534/htm
Impact Factor 2019 = 3.267
The efficiency of micellar solubilization is dictated inter alia by the properties of the solubilizate, the type of surfactant, and environmental conditions of the process. We, therefore, hypothesized that using the descriptors of the aforementioned features we can predict the solubilization efficiency, expressed as molar solubilization ratio (MSR). In other words, we aimed at creating a model to find the optimal surfactant and environmental conditions in order to solubilize the substance of interest (oil, drug, etc.). We focused specifically on the solubilization in biosurfactant solutions. We collected data from literature covering the last 38 years and supplemented them with our experimental data for different biosurfactant preparations. Evolutionary algorithm (EA) and kernel support vector machines (KSVM) were used to create predictive relationships. The descriptors of biosurfactant (logPBS, measure of purity), solubilizate (logPsol, molecular volume), and descriptors of conditions of the measurement (T and pH) were used for modelling. We have shown that the MSR can be successfully predicted using EAs, with a mean R2val of 0.773 ± 0.052. The parameters influencing the solubilization efficiency were ranked upon their significance. This represents the first attempt in literature to predict the MSR with the MSR calculator delivered as a result of our research.
Majchrzak T., Wojnowski W., Głowacz-Różyńska A., Wasik A. On-line assessment of oil quality during deep frying using an electronic nose and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry.
Food Control, 121 (2021) 107659.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107659
Impact Factor 2019 = 4.258
We describe a novel method for the quality assessment of oil utilized for deep frying. The method is based on the analysis of frying fumes using a custom electronic nose. The quality score could be obtained after less than 3 min of analysis and without interrupting the frying process or sampling the oil directly. The obtained results were correlated with the peroxide value using a multivariate linear regression model. The most relevant variables were selected based on heat maps and on the analysis of variance. The coefficients of determination for palm oil and rapeseed oil were 0.920 and 0.935, respectively. Real-time monitoring of selected VOCs in the frying fumes was performed using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. It was shown that 1-heptanol is a possible indicator of rapeseed oil's quality. The proposed method might be used to supplement the currently available techniques and could find implementation in the non-invasive on-line assessment of frying oils' quality during deep frying of foodstuffs.
Krupa Ł., Bajka B., Staroń R., Dupont D., Sing H., Gutkowski K., Macierzanka A. Comparing the permeability of human and porcine small intestinal mucus for particle transport studies.
Scientific Reports 10 (2020) 20290.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-77129-4
Impact Factor 2019 = 3.998
The gastrointestinal mucus layer represents the last barrier between ingested food or orally administered pharmaceuticals and the mucosal epithelium. This complex gel structure plays an important role in the process of small intestinal absorption. It provides protection against hazardous particles such as bacteria but allows the passage of nutrients and drug molecules towards the intestinal epithelium. In scientific research, mucus from animal sources is usually used to simulate difficult-to-obtain human small intestinal mucus for investigating the intramucus transport of drug delivery systems or food nanoparticles. However, there is a lack of evidence the human mucus can be reliably substituted by animal counterparts for human-relevant transport models. In this report, a procedure for collecting human mucus has been described. More importantly, the permeability characteristics of human and porcine small intestinal mucus secretions to sub-micron sized particles have been compared under simulated intestinal conditions. Negatively charged, 500 nm latex beads were used in multiple-particle tracking experiments to examine the heterogeneity and penetrability of mucus from different sources. Diffusion of the probe particles in adult human ileal mucus and adult pig jejunal and ileal mucus revealed no significant differences in microstructural organisation or microviscosity between the three mucus types (P > 0.05). In contrast to this interspecies similarity, the intraspecies comparison of particle diffusivity in the mucus obtained from adult pigs vs. 2-week old piglets showed better penetrability of the piglet mucus. The mean Stokes–Einstein viscosity of the piglet jejunal mucus was approx. two times lower than the viscosity of the pig jejunal mucus (P < 0.05). All mucus structures were also visualised by scanning electron microscopy. This work validates the use of porcine small intestinal mucus collected from fully-grown pigs for studying colloidal transport of sub-micron sized particles in mucus under conditions mimicking the adult human small intestinal environment.
Macierzanka A., Menard O., Dupont D., Gutkowski K., Staroń R., Krupa L. Colloidal transport of lipid digesta in human and porcine small intestinal mucus.
Food Research International, 138 (2020) 109752.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109752
Impact Factor 2019 = 4.972
Small intestinal mucus transport of food-derived particulates has not been extensively studied, despite mucus being a barrier nutrients need to cross before absorption. We used complex dispersions of digesta obtained from simulated, dynamic gastrointestinal digestion of yogurt to examine the penetrability of human and porcine mucus to the particles formed of lipolysis products. Quantitative, time-lapse confocal microscopy revealed a sieve-like behaviour of the pig jejunal and ileal mucus. The digesta diffusivity decreased significantly over the first 30 min of mucus penetration, and then remained constant at ca. 5 × 10-12 m2 s−1 (approx. 70% decrease from initial values). A non-significantly different penetrability was recorded for the ileal mucus of adult humans. The digesta diffusion rates in neonatal, jejunal mucus of 2 week old piglets were 5–8 times higher than in the three different types of adult mucus. This is the first report that validates the mucus of fully-grown pigs as a human-relevant substitute for mucus permeation studies of nutrients/bio-actives and/or complex colloidal dispersions (e.g., post-digestion food particulates, orally-administrated delivery systems).
Pacyna-Kuchta A.D., Jakubas D., Frankowski M., Polkowska Ż., Wojczulanis-Jakubas K. Exposure of a small Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle) breeding in Svalbard, to selected elements throughout the course of a year.
Science of the Total Environment, 732 (2020) 139103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139103
Impact Factor 2019 = 6.551
The Arctic marine ecosystem can be altered by processes of natural and anthropogenic origin. Spatio-temporal variation in species exposure to contamination is still poorly understood. Here, we studied elemental concentrations in the non-lethally collected samples from the most numerous seabird in European Arctic, the little auk (Alle alle) nesting in one breeding colony in Svalbard. This seabird spent the breeding season in the high-Arctic zone and the non-breeding period in sub-Arctic areas what may implicate spatio-temporal variation in elements bioaccumulation. We determined concentrations of 19 elements in adults feathers to determine levels of exposure during part of the pre-breeding (n = 74) and post-breeding (n = 74) seasons, feathers from nestlings (n = 18) to determine local contamination, and chick down (n = 16) and post-hatching eggshells (n = 18) to determine maternal input to offspring. During the pre-breeding period adults accumulated in their feathers significantly more Hg (one third of feathers exceeded the established toxicity threshold), Se and Mn compared to the post-breeding period. It reflects a higher exposition of birds to contaminants in pre-breeding moult areas outside the High Arctic compared to the post-breeding moult in the High Arctic. Sex differences in adult feathers representing the post-breeding period were found only for Ca and Zn with higher values in females. Chick down was characterized by high levels of several essential elements, an intermediate level of Hg and Se, and the highest Se:Hg molar ratios of all groups. Chick body feathers had the highest level of Cu and K among all the studied groups. Post-hatching eggshells were characterized by high Sr level (exceeding 2000 μg/g). Concentrations of several non-essential elements (Bi, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb) in them were below method detection limits.
Pacyna-Kuchta A.D., Wietrzyk-Pełka P., Węgrzyn M.H., Frankowski M., Polkowska Ż. A screening of select toxic and essential elements and persistent organic pollutants in the fur of Svalbard reindeer.
Chemosphere, 245 (2020) 125458.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125458
Impact Factor 2019 = 5.778
Reindeers play an important role in the polar ecosystem, being long-lived sole vegetarians feeding on local vegetation. They can be used as a valuable bioindicator, helping us to understand contaminants’ impact on the polar terrestrial ecosystem. Still, scarce data exist from research in which polar herbivores (especially those from the European parts of the Arctic) were a major study subject for trace elements and persistent organic pollutant determination. Here, Svalbard reindeer fur has been used to determine metals, non-metals and metalloids using ICP-MS, and several persistent organic pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using gas chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Samples were collected from reindeer populations living in the area near Ny-Ålesund and Longyearbyen. Essential elements like Fe, Mg, Zn, K, Ca, Cu predominated in the trace elements profile. Median values of As, Cd, Co, Li, Ni, Se and V were all below 0.5 μg/g dw. Mercury was below detection limit in all samples, while the Pb median varied from 0.35 to 0.74 μg/g dw. Except acenaphthylene and fluorene, PAHs were detectable only in samples collected in the vicinity of Longyearbyen. Of 15 studied pesticides, only DDT and its metabolites were above the detection limit, and, of PCBs, only PCB28.
Łozińska N., Głowacz-Różyńska A., Artichowicz W., Lu Y., Jungnickel C. Microencapsulation of fish oil - determination of optimal wall material and encapsulation methodology.
Jounal of Food Engineering, 268 (2020) 109730.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109730
Impact Factor 2019 = 4.499
For the first time, we present a meta-analysis of experimental and literature data to determine which microencapsulation methodology, and which wall material are best suited to protect fish oil. Our analysis covered a period of several decades of research (1984–2018). The analysis was conducted on 196 literature data-points, and 16 data-points determined experimentally for this publication. PLS regression was used to determine the influence of the predictors, with a variety of rational (k-means, Kohonen SOM, and Kennard-Stone) and random training/test division methods. Analysis of the applicability domain, determined by calculating the convex hull of the points, clearly showed that rational division methods are better than random division. It was found, that spray-granulation is best suited to protect fish oil. On the other hand, the commonly cited method of spray-drying performs quite badly. In addition, we found that the best wall materials are protein + lipid + carbohydrate and protein + lipid. The commonly used protein + carbohydrate again fared poorly. Meta-analysis such as these are crucial for the overview of methods and materials employed in the design of functional foods.
Macierzanka A., Torcello-Gómez A., Jungnickel C., Maldonado-Valderrama J. Bile salts in digestion and transport of lipids.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 274 (2019) 102045.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.102045
Impact Factor 2019 = 9.922
Because of their unusual chemical structure, bile salts (BS) play a fundamental role in intestinal lipid digestion and transport. BS have a planar arrangement of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, which enables the BS molecules to form peculiar self-assembled structures in aqueous solutions. This molecular arrangement also has an influence on specific interactions of BS with lipid molecules and other compounds of ingested food and digestive media. Those comprise the complex scenario in which lipolysis occurs. In this review, we discuss the BS synthesis, composition, bulk interactions and mode of action during lipid digestion and transport. We look specifically into surfactant-related functions of BS that affect lipolysis, such as interactions with dietary fibre and emulsifiers, the interfacial activity in facilitating lipase and colipase anchoring to the lipid substrate interface, and finally the role of BS in the intestinal transport of lipids. Unravelling the roles of BS in the processing of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract requires a detailed analysis of their interactions with different compounds. We provide an update on the most recent findings concerning two areas of BS involvement: lipolysis and intestinal transport. We first explore the interactions of BS with various dietary fibres and food emulsifiers in bulk and at interfaces, as these appear to be key aspects for understanding interactions with digestive media. Next, we explore the interactions of BS with components of the intestinal digestion environment, and the role of BS in displacing material from the oil-water interface and facilitating adsorption of lipase. We look into the process of desorption, solubilisation of lipolysis, products and formation of mixed micelles. Finally, the BS-driven interactions of colloidal particles with the small intestinal mucus layer are considered, providing new findings for the overall assessment of the role of BS in lipid digestion and intestinal transport. This review offers a unique compilation of well-established and most recent studies dealing with the interactions of BS with food emulsifiers, nanoparticles and dietary fibre, as well as with the luminal compounds of the gut, such as lipase-colipase, triglycerides and intestinal mucus. The combined analysis of these complex interactions may provide crucial information on the pattern and extent of lipid digestion. Such knowledge is important for controlling the uptake of dietary lipids or lipophilic pharmaceuticals in the gastrointestinal tract through the engineering of novel food structures or colloidal drug-delivery systems.
Macierzanka A., Mackie A.R., Krupa L. Permeability of the small intestinal mucus for physiologically relevant studies: Impact of mucus location and ex vivo treatment.
Scientific Reports, 9 (2019) 17516.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53933-5
Impact Factor 2019 = 3.998
The small intestinal mucus is a complex colloidal system that coats the intestinal mucosa. It allows passage on nutrients/pharmaceuticals from the gut lumen towards the epithelium, whilst preventing it from direct contact with luminal microorganisms. Mucus collected from intestinal tissue is often used in studies looking at inter-mucosal transport of food particulates, drug carriers, etc. However, detaching the highly hydrated native mucus from the tissue and storing it frozen prior to use may disrupt its physiological microstructure, and thus selective barrier properties. Multiple-particle tracking experiments showed that microstructural organisation of native, jejunal mucus depends on its spatial location in the intestinal mucosa. The inter-villus mucus was less heterogeneous than the mucus covering villi tips in the pig model used. Collecting mucus from tissue and subjecting it to freezing and thawing did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) its permeability to model, sub-micron sized particles, and the microviscosity profile of the mucus reflected the overall profiles recorded for the native mucus in the tissue. This implies the method of collecting and storing mucus is a reliable ex vivo treatment for the convenient planning and performing of mucus-permeability studies that aim to mimic physiological conditions of the transport of molecules/particles in native mucus.
Szumała P., Jungnickel C., Kozłowska-Tylingo K., Jacyna B., Cal K. Transdermal transport of collagen and hyaluronic acid using water in oil microemulsion.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 572 (2019) 118738.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118738
Impact Factor 2019 = 4.845
Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are biopolymers that affect the appearance and condition of the skin. Delivery of these compounds into the skin is highly challenging since have a number of disadvantageous properties, such as high molecular weight and hydrophilicity. Here, we evaluated the transdermal penetration of low and high molecular weight collagen and HA from microemulsions. A number of microemulsion formulations, differing in the content of polymers and surfactants (i.e. penetration promoters), were used for the permeation study. In addition, a correlation was made between the composition of these microemulsions and the polymers transport efficiency. The results indicate that, microemulsions enable transdermal permeation of collagen and HA. The concentration of polymers and the solubilization capacity of microemulsions had the greatest influence on the permeation. Surprisingly, the molecular weight of polymers and the content of other components affected the size of microemulsion particles, and thus these parameters had an indirect influence on the permeation process. This study demonstrated therefore the potential therapeutic use of microemulsion with collagen and HA in improving and regenerating the barrier of aged or diseased skin.
Wojewódka P., Aranowski R., Jungnickel C. Mass transfer in Spinning Fluids Reactor — Measurement and prediction.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 80 (2019) 712-721.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.042
Impact Factor 2019 = 5.278
Specific mass transfer area (a) and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) are mass transfer parameters commonly used in the description and comparison of various chemical reactors’ constructions. Determination of these was performed for Spinning Fluids Reactor (SFR). Sodium sulfite oxidation in the presence of cobalt ion catalyst was used for the determination of a and kLa. The a and kLa were successful predicted. Overall, the a and kLa is one order of magnitude larger than any gas liquid contactor to date.
Brodkorb A., Egger L., Alminger M., Alvito P., Assuncão R., Balance S., Bohn T., Bourlieu-Lacanal C., Boutrou R., Carriére F., Clemente A., Corredig M., Dupont D., Dufour C., Edwards C., Golding M., Karakaya S., Kirkhus B., Le Feunteun S., Lesmes U., Macierzanka A., Mackie A.R., Matins C., Marze S., McClements D.J., Ménard O., Minekus M., Portmann R., Santos C.N., Souchon I., Singh R.P., Vegarud G., Wickham M.S.J., Weitschies W., Recio I. INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion.
Nature Protocols, 14 (2019) 991-1014.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-018-0119-1
Full-text access to a view-only version at https://rdcu.be/brEMd
Impact Factor 2019 = 10.419
Developing a mechanistic understanding of the impact of food structure and composition on human health has increasingly involved simulating digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. These simulations have used a wide range of different conditions that often have very little physiological relevance, and this impedes the meaningful comparison of results. The standardized protocol presented here is based on an international consensus developed by the COST INFOGEST network. The method is designed to be used with standard laboratory equipment and requires limited experience to encourage a wide range of researchers to adopt it. It is a static digestion method that uses constant ratios of meal to digestive fluids and a constant pH for each step of digestion. This makes the method simple to use but not suitable for simulating digestion kinetics. Using this method, food samples are subjected to sequential oral, gastric and intestinal digestion while parameters such as electrolytes, enzymes, bile, dilution, pH and time of digestion are based on available physiological data. This amended and improved digestion method (INFOGEST 2.0) avoids challenges associated with the original method, such as the inclusion of the oral phase and the use of gastric lipase. The method can be used to assess the endpoints resulting from digestion of foods by analyzing the digestion products (e.g., peptides/amino acids, fatty acids, simple sugars) and evaluating the release of micronutrients from the food matrix. The whole protocol can be completed in ~7 d, including ~5 d required for the determination of enzyme activities.
Böttger F., Dupont D., Marcinkowska D., Bajka B., Mackie A., Macierzanka A. Which casein in sodium caseinate is most resistant to in vitro digestion? Effect of emulsification and enzymatic structuring.
Food Hydrocolloids, 88 (2019) 114-118.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.09.042
Impact Factor 2019 = 7.053
We investigated the resistance of individual constituent casein epitopes (αS1-, αS2-, β- and κ-CN) in food-grade milk protein sodium caseinate (NaCN) to simulated human gastro-duodenal digestion. The influence of NaCN adsorption to the surface of oil-in-water emulsion droplets and the effect of crosslinking of the protein with enzyme transglutaminase (TG) on the proteolysis were studied by indirect ELISA. TG crosslinking rendered fragments of casein molecules significantly resistant to digestion. However, it depended on the type of casein and whether NaCN was presented in solution or emulsion. The crosslinking was found to considerably hinder the digestion of several amino acid regions in one of the major caseins of NaCN, β-CN. For αS1- and αS2-CN, only limited resistance to digestive enzymes was observed after NaCN had been crosslinked in solution but not (or to a limited extent) in emulsion. κ-CN proved to be the least resistant to the enzymatic hydrolysis regardless of the TG treatment. Our work shows for the first time how the digestibility of individual components of important food-grade protein ingredients can differ in a complex, colloidal food system. It also shows an example of how the digestibility can be modulated by chemical and physical structuring.
Nalazek-Rudnicka K., Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I., Wasik A., Macierzanka A. MRM–MS of marker peptides and their abundance as a tool for authentication of meat species and meat cuts in single-cut meat products.
Food Chemistry, 283 (2019) 367-374.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.007
Impact Factor 2019 = 6.306
The abundance of protein markers in different types of meat cuts was explored in the context of authentication of raw meat (pork, beef and chicken) and processed meat products. Peptides originating from myoglobin (Mb) and myosin (My) were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM–MS). Analytical protocol was optimized for good repeatability (CV < 10%) and high sensitivity. The MS signal intensity of Mb marker peptides in raw pork depended significantly on the cut type (e.g. ham vs knuckle). Importantly, a similar pattern in the abundance of the marker peptides was found for processed meat products made of different types of pork cut, despite the food processing applied. This suggests the protocol can be used for authentication of raw pork cuts and processed products made of different cuts of pork. More uniform contents of Mb markers were found in raw beef cuts, and for My markers in raw chicken cuts.
Wojewódka P., Aranowski R., Jungnickel C. Residence Time Distribution in Rapid Multiphase Reactors.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 69 (2019) 370-378.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.037
Impact Factor 2019 = 5.278
Residence time distribution (RTD) provides information about average hydraulic residence time and the distribution of material in the reactor. A method for determining RTD for reactors with very short hydraulic residence times is deconvolution based on extraction of real RTD by the analysis of a non-ideal input signal. The mean residence time and dispersion were determined for the Spinning Fluids Reactor (SFR). For the first time the deconvolution method was performed for a system where the tracer pulse signal is wider than actual RTD of the examined device. A prediction model for of the SFR was also developed, and validated.
Plata-Gryl M., Jungnickel C., Boczkaj G. An improved scalable method of isolating asphaltenes.
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 167 (2018) 608-614.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.04.039
Impact Factor 2018 = 2.382
A new, improved and scalable procedure of asphaltene fraction isolation is presented and compared to standard test methods. The new procedure uses 1:40 feedstock to solvent (n-heptane) ratio (g/mL), filtration through a cellulosic thimble and extensive washing in a Soxhlet type extractor. The group type composition and purity of the asphaltene fractions have been examined using thin-layer chromatography with flame-ionization detection. This study revealed that the new procedure provides a higher purity of asphaltene fraction resulting in a more accurate determination of its content in bitumens when comparing to the standard test method. Moreover, an attempt of evaluation of the scale-up possibility of the proposed and standard test methods was made, revealing that new procedure is more scalable than standard test methods. It is possible to obtain large quantities of a high purity asphaltene fraction even on a process scale. This feature is crucial for technical analytics, for researchers studying asphaltenes characteristic as well as for other novel applications of asphaltenes such as its use as sorbents in separation techniques.
Szumała P., Wysocka I. Effect of gelation and storage conditions on the oxidative stability of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems.
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 124 (2018) 17-25.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.021
Impact Factor 2017 = 3.466
Increased interest in the use of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems for medical, cosmetic and food purposes, promotes the development of research on their physical and chemical stability, and the safety of use. Here, we have for the first time evaluated the oxidative stability of linseed oil dispersed in the microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and their gelled systems, stored under different conditions, and compared to the bulk oil. Oxidative stability was determined by measuring the peroxide value and p-anisidine value of the oil phase. All systems had an identical proportion of oil to surfactant mixture and were obtained by low energy methods. Carbopol 940 was used as the gelator. The influence of sunlight in ambient conditions, elevated temperature, oxygen presence and UV radiation on the oxidation of oil in emulsions was determined. The results indicate different influence of the analyzed conditions on the oxidation stages of individual emulsions. Due to the high transparency and small particle sizes, micro-, nanoemulsions, and particularly their gelled forms were the most sensitive to UV radiation. However, the gelation process inhibited the oxidation caused by temperature and the presence of oxygen. In addition, the results show a counter-intuitive result in that, under all test conditions, the oxidative stability of the oil was higher in emulsions compared to bulk oil.
Bohn T., Carriere F., Day L., Deglaire A., Egger L., Freitas D., Golding M., Le Feunteun S., Macierzanka A., Menard O., Miralles B., Moscovici A., Portmann R., Recio I., Rémond D., Santé-Lhoutelier V., Wooster T.J., Lesmes U., Mackie A.R., Dupont D. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo data on food digestion. What can we predict with static in vitro digestion models?
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 58 (2018) 2239-2261.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1315362
Impact Factor 2017 = 6.015
During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding food's digestive fate in order to strengthen the possible effects of food on human health. Ideally, food digestion should be studied in vivo on humans but this is not always ethically and financially possible. Therefore, simple in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal tract have been proposed as alternatives to in vivo experiments. Thus, it is no surprise that these models are increasingly used by the scientific community, although their various limitations to fully mirror the complexity of the digestive tract. Therefore, the objective of this article was to call upon the collective experiences of scientists involved in Infogest (an international network on food digestion) to review and reflect on the applications of in vitro digestion models, the parameters assessed in such studies and the physiological relevance of the data generated when compared to in vivo data. The authors provide a comprehensive review in vitro and in vivo digestion studies investigating the digestion of macronutrients (i.e. proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) as well as studies of the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of micronutrients and phytochemicals. The main conclusion is that evidences show that despite the simplicity of in vitro models they are often very useful in predicting outcomes of the digestion in vivo. However, this has relies on the complexity of in vitro models and their tuning towards answering specific questions related to human digestion physiology, which leaves a vast room for future studies and improvements.
Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I.E., Artichowicz W., Preiss U., Jungnickel C. Multicomponent ionic liquid CMC prediction.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 19 (2017) 25309-25318.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7CP05019D
Impact Factor 2017 = 3.906
We created a model to predict CMC of ILs based on 704 experimental values published in 43 publications since 2000. Our model was able to predict CMC of variety of ILs in binary or ternary system in a presence of salt or alcohol. The molecular volume of IL (Vm), solvent-accessible surface (Ŝ), solvation enthalpy (ΔsolvG∞), concentration of salt (Cs) or alcohol (Ca) and their molecular volumes (Vms and Vma, respectively) were chosen as descriptors, and Kernel Support Vector Machine (KSVM) and Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) as regression methodologies to create the models. Data was split into training and validation set (80/20) and subjected to bootstrap aggregation. KSVM provided better fit with average R2 of 0.843, and MSE of 0.608, whereas EA resulted in R2 of 0.794 and MSE of 0.973. From the sensitivity analysis it was shown that Vm and Ŝ have the highest impact on ILs micellization in both binary and ternary systems, however surprisingly in the presence of alcohol the Vm becomes insignificant/irrelevant. Micelle stabilizing or destabilizing influence of the descriptors depends upon the additives. Previous attempts at modelling the CMC of ILs was generally limited to small number of ILs in simplified (binary) systems. We however showed successful prediction of the CMC over a range of different systems (binary and ternary).
Kupper S., Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I., Szumała P. Collagen and hyaluronic acid hydrogel in water-in-oil microemulsiondelivery systems.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 175 (2017) 347–354.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.010
Impact Factor 2017 = 5.158
The increase in skin related health issues has promoted interest in research on the efficacy of microemulsion in dermal and transdermal delivery of active ingredients. Here, we assessed the water-in-oil microemulsion capacity to incorporate two natural polymers, i.e. collagen and hyaluronic acid with low and high molecular weight. Systems were extensively characterized in terms of conductivity, phase inversion studies, droplet diameter, polydispersity index and rheological properties. The results of this research indicate that the structure and extent of water phase in microemulsions is governed by ratio and amount of surfactant mixture (sorbitan ester derivatives). However, results have also shown that collagen, depending upon the weight of the molecule and its surface activity, influence the droplet size of the microemulsions. While the hyaluronic acid, especially with high molecular weight, due to the water-binding ability and hydrogel formation alters the rheological properties of the microemulsion, thus providing viscous consistency of the formulation.
Markiewicz M., Jungnickel C., Stolte S., Białk-Bielińska A., Kumirska J., Mrozik W. Primary degradation of antidiabetic drugs.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 324 (2017) 428-435.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.008
Impact Factor 2017 = 6.434
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large portion of the world population and is treated by orally administered drugs. Since these drugs are often taken in high doses and are excreted unchanged or partially metabolised many of them are nowadays detected in surface waters or wastewater treatment plants effluents. Unmetabolised antidiabetics or some of their transformation products retain their pharmacological activity, therefore their presence in the environment is highly undesired. One of the main routes of elimination from wastewaters or surface waters is biodegradation. Within this work we tested primary biodegradation of: metformin and its metabolite guanylurea, acarbose, glibenclamide, gliclazide and glimepiride. We also inspected what might be the extent of the degradation by examining the products formed during the degradation using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Transformation of diabetes staple drug metformin to dead-end product guanylurea was generally confirmed. An alternative, though rather minor pathway leading to complete mineralisation was also found. Complete primary degradation was observed for acarbose, glibenclamide and glimepiride whereas gliclazide was shown to be resistant to biodegradation. These results allow a preliminary assessment of environmental persistency of a very important group of pharmaceuticals and show need for implementing monitoring programs.
Markiewicz M., Jungnickel C., Stolte S., Białk-Bielińska A., Kumirska J., Mrozik W. Ultimate biodegradability and ecotoxicity of orally administered antidiabetic drugs.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 333 (2017) 154-161.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.030
Impact Factor 2017 = 6.434
Hypoglycaemic pharmaceuticals are recently more and more frequently detected in the environment. In our previous study, we have shown that even though many of them undergo significant primary degradation some are transformed to stable products or undergo such transformation that a large part of the structure is still preserved. One of the main routes of elimination from wastewaters or surface waters is biodegradation and a lack thereof leads to accumulation in the environment. Within this work we tested the ultimate biodegradability of six oral antidiabetics: metformin and its main metabolite guanylurea, acarbose, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride and repaglinide. We also compared the experimental results obtained in this and accompanying work with models designed to predict biodegradability and showed that these models are only moderately successful. Additionally, we examined these compounds in acute Daphnia magna test to check if they might pose an ecotoxicological threat. Combining the results of biodegradability and toxicity tests allows a preliminary assessment of their potential environmental impact.
Aranowski R., Wojewódka P., Zielińska-Jurek A., Bokotko R., Jungnickel C. Spinning Fluids Reactor: A new design of a gas–liquid contactor.
Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 116 (2017) 40-47.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2017.03.005
Impact Factor 2017 = 2.826
Current trends in chemical reactor design are based on adapting these to the requirements of a particular chemical process. Processes involving reactions between the gas and liquid phase in particular require precise adjustment of all parameters. The common denominator for most modern design solutions is enhancement of the mass transfer area and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Gas – liquid contactors evolved from a typical stirred vessel to a plethora of other types suitable for many applications, such as bubbling columns. The Spinning Fluids Reactor presented in this paper uses tangential inlets of both fluids that cause a swirling flow. High tangential velocity of the liquid phase results in a high shearing force that decreases the size of the generated bubbles and increases the mass transfer area per bulk liquid. The reactor of our design can reach gas-liquid interfacial areas up to 16 400 m2 per cubic meter, which is an order of magnitude higher than values obtained in the majority of gas-liquid contactors what we believe is a significant improvement over common designs.
Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I.E., Mędrzycka K., Hallmann E., Karpenko E., Pokynbroda T., Macierzanka A., Jungnickel C. Rhamnolipid CMC prediction.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 488 (2017) 10-19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.055
Impact Factor 2017 = 5.091
Relationships between the purity, pH, hydrophobicity (log Kow) of the carbon substrate, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of rhamnolipid type biosurfactants (RL) were investigated using a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) approach and are presented here for the first time. Measured and literature CMC values of 97 RLs, representing biosurfactants at different stages of purification, were considered. An arbitrary scale for RLs purity was proposed and used in the modelling. A modified evolutionary algorithm was used to create clusters of equations to optimally describe the relationship between CMC and log Kow, pH and purity (the optimal equation had an R2 of 0.8366). It was found that hydrophobicity of the carbon substrate used for the biosynthesis of the RL had the most significant influence on the final CMC of the RL. Purity of the RLs was also found to have a significant impact, where generally the less pure the RL the higher the CMC. These results were in accordance with our experimental data. Therefore, our model equation may be used for controlling the biosynthesis of biosurfactants with properties targeted for specific applications.
Szumała P., Luty N. Effect of different crystalline structures on W/O and O/W/O wax emulsion stability.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 499 (2016) 131-140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.022
Impact Factor 2016 = 2.714
The possibility of emulsion stabilization using mineral and vegetable wax particles only (without surfactant) was investigated. Mineral waxes, paraffin wax and ceresin, and a vegetable wax, carnauba wax, were used. The content of the wax particles and the water to oil proportion were found crucial for the stability of all emulsions. Some emulsions were also produced with a liquid wax (i.e. jojoba oil). The multiple light scattering method was used to determine the stability of emulsion systems during storage. The presence of crystalline structures were confirmed by microscopic analysis.
The results show that all tested waxes can independently stabilize emulsion systems. The wax crystallization directly on the droplet surface provided stability against droplet coalescence while the continuous phase wax crystals reduced inter-droplet collisions. However, the effective protection against coalescence and the phase separation takes only place in the presence of appropriate amounts of different waxes and with specific proportions of water to oil phases. The emulsions type was denoted as W/O in the presence of mineral waxes and O/W/O in systems with vegetable wax. Emulsions with jojoba oil and mineral waxes had a similar stability compare to emulsions with the same composition but without the liquid wax. In contrast, phase separation were observed in emulsions obtained with two vegetable components (jojoba oil and carnauba wax). It might have been associated with a high wettability of the carnauba wax surface by jojoba oil that could have made the wax particles unsuitable for Pickering stabilization of emulsion.
Trawińska A., Hallmann E., Mędrzycka K. The effect of alkyl chain length on synergistic effects in micellization and surface tension reduction in nonionic gemini (S-10) and anionic surfactants mixtures.
Colloids and Surfaces A- Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 506 (2016) 114-126.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.06.001
Impact Factor 2016 = 2.714
Mixtures of nonionic gemini surfactant S-10 (α, α'-[2,4,7,9-tetrametyl-5-decyne-4,7-diyl]bis[Ͽ-hydroxy-polioxyetylene]) with anionic SRS (sodium alkylsulfates) and SRSO3 (sodium alkylsulfonates) of different alkyl chain length (from 10 to 14 carbon atoms) were investigated. Surface tension measurements were used to find the cmc values and other adsorption parameters. The Clint, Rubingh⿿s and Rosen theories were applied for evaluation of the synergistic effects in mixed films and mixed micelles formation. It has been documented that in the process of micellization strong synergy exists, while in mixed film formation it is not so evident. In mixtures of S-10 with monomeric surfactants, the synergistic interactions in mixed micelles formation increase with the chain length of monomeric surfactant. The composition of mixed films is different than the composition of mixed micelles, because molar fraction of S-10 in monolayers is much higher than its contribution in mixed micelles at the same bulk composition. The size of micelles is the biggest for S-10 and in case of surfactants mixtures is smaller than that, for individual components.
Marcinkowska D. Application of magnetic nanoparticles for water treatment.
Technical Issues, 2 (2016) 33-38.
http://technical-issues.com/paper/2016-02/full_033-038.pdf
In this study magnetic nanoparticles were fabricated and used for water treatment. Nanoparticles were prepared in two ways. The first one involved NiZn ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation of metal cations with sodium hydroxide at high temperature. The second one featured maghemite nanoparticles was prepared by salt-assisted solid-state reaction. Modification and functionalization of nanoparticles surface was investigated. Nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Modified nanoparticles were added to the solution of desired concentration of methylene green. Adsorption ability was examined trough ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS). For NiZn ferrite and also for maghemite nanoparticles results were positive. Both of complexes can be used for water treatment with 51% success for maghemite and 72% for NiZn ferrite nanoparticles.
Krasodomska O., Paolicelli P., Cesa S., Casadei M.A., Jungnickel C. Protection and viability of fruit seeds oils by-nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) nanosuspensions.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 479 (2016) 25-33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.06.041
Impact Factor 2016 = 4.233
In this paper, we focused on the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for dermal application. The NLC matrix was designed as a protective reservoir of biological active compounds that naturally occur in domestic fruit seed oils.
Over the years, emulsions, as a popular physicochemical form of personal care products, were refined in order to obtain the best possible penetration into the skin of any bioactive compound introduced in the formulation, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In fact, the bioactive components are useful only if they are able to penetrate the skin unchanged. Therefore, an alternate way to deliver naturally occurring PUFAs is needed. NLCs present a novel delivery and protection system for the PUFAs. The cold pressed fruit seed oils obtained from waste material were used in this paper: blackcurrant, blackberry, raspberry, strawberry and plum. Thermodynamic (DSC) and structural techniques (1H NMR) were applied in order to characterize the obtained systems in terms of seed oil incorporation into the NLC, and oxidative stability tests were used to confirm the protective quality of the systems. During the formulation optimization process the most stable nanosuspension with the best seed oil incorporation was a mixture of 4% nonionic emulsifiers, 88% water and 6% lipids with a ratio of 6:2, wax:oil. The oxidative stability tests showed that the NLC was an effective method of protection of the PUFAs.
Mackie A.R, Macierzanka A., Aarak K., Rigby N.M., Parker R., Channel G.A., Harding S.E., Bajka B.H. Sodium alginate decreases the permeability of intestinal mucus.
Food Hydrocolloids, 52 (2016) 749-755.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.004
Impact Factor 2016 = 4.747
In the small intestine the nature of the environment leads to a highly heterogeneous mucus layer primarily composed of the MUC2 mucin. We set out to investigate whether the soluble dietary fibre sodium alginate could alter the permeability of the mucus layer. The alginate was shown to freely diffuse into the mucus and to have minimal effect on the bulk rheology when added at concentrations below 0.1%. Despite this lack of interaction between the mucin and alginate, the addition of alginate had a marked effect on the diffusion of 500 nm probe particles, which decreased as a function of increasing alginate concentration. Finally, we passed a protein stabilised emulsion through a simulation of oral, gastric and small intestinal digestion. We subsequently showed that the addition of 0.1% alginate to porcine intestinal mucus decreased the diffusion of fluorescently labelled lipid present in the emulsion digesta. This reduction may be sufficient to reduce problems associated with high rates of lipid absorption such as hyperlipidaemia.
Szumała P., Mówińska A. Perfectly Wetting Mixtures of Surfactants from Renewable Resources: The Interaction and Synergistic Effects on Adsorption and Micellization.
Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, (2016) 1-9.
http://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-016-1793-z
Impact Factor 2016 = 1.45
This paper presents a study of the surface properties of mixtures of surfactants originating from renewable sources, i.e., alkylpolyglucoside (APG), ethoxylated fatty alcohol (AE), and sodium soap (Na soap). The main objective was to optimize the surfactant ratio which produces the highest wetting properties during the analysis of the solution of the individual surfactants, two- and three-component mixtures, and at different pH values. The results showed the existence of a synergistic effect in lowering the interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration and the formation of mixed micelles in selected solutions. We found that best wetting properties were measured for the binary AE:APG mixtures. It has been demonstrated that slightly lower contact angles values were observed on Teflon and glass surfaces for the AE:APG:soap mixtures but the results were obtained for higher concentration of the components. In addition, all studied solutions have very good surface properties in acidic, basic and neural media. However, the AE:soap (molar ratio of 1:2), AE:APG (2:1) and AE:APG:soap (1:1:1) compositions improved their wetting power at pH 7 on the aluminium and glass surfaces, as compared to solutions at other pH values tested (selected Θ values close to zero—perfectly wetting liquids). All described effects detected would allow less surfactant to be used to achieve the maximum capacity of washing, wetting or solubilizing while minimizing costs and demonstrating environmental care.
Trawińska A., Hallmann E., Mędrzycka K. Synergistic effects in micellization and surface tension reduction in nonionic gemini S-10 and cationic RTAB surfactants mixtures.
Colloids and Surfaces A- Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 488 (2016) 162-172.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.008
Impact Factor 2016 = 2.714
Mixtures of nonionic gemini surfactant S-10 (α,α′-[2,4,7,9-tetrametyl-5-decyne-4,7-diyl]bis[ω-hydroxy -polioxyetylene] with cationic alkyltrimethylammonium bromides of different alkyl chain length (RTAB) were investigated. Basing on surface tension measurements the cmc values and other adsorption parameters were found. The Clint, Rubing’s and Rosen theories were applied for evaluation of the synergistic effects in mixed films and mixed micelles formation. The molecular interaction parameters have negative values in all investigated mixtures, which confirm attractive forces between components. The magnitude of this forces depends on mixtures composition and in mixed micelles was higher than that in mixed films. It has been documented that in the process of micellization strong synergy exists, while in mixed film formation it is not so evident and was stated only in surface tension reduction efficiency. The composition of mixed films is different than the composition of mixed micelles, because a molar fraction of S-10 in monolayers is much higher than its contribution in mixed micelles at the same bulk composition.